Table 3 Maximum pressure, \({P}_{\max }\), and pulse pressure, PP, values [mmHg] at different significant sites in supine 1G and 0G conditions, with relative variations [%].
From: Cardiovascular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight through multiscale modeling
Cardiovascular region | \({P}_{\max }\) [mmHg] | PP [mmHg] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1G | 0G | Variation [%] | 1G | 0G | Variation [%] | |
Arterial tree pathway (1D) | ||||||
Ascending aorta | 121.03 | 104.82 | −13.39% | 51.04 | 39.66 | −22.30% |
Thoracic aorta | 129.83 | 114.49 | −11.82% | 61.77 | 51.04 | −17.37% |
Abdominal aorta A | 123.92 | 109.98 | −11.25% | 58.75 | 48.83 | −16.89% |
Abdominal aorta E | 135.38 | 119.27 | −11.90% | 72.78 | 60.26 | −17.20% |
External iliac | 135.07 | 119.46 | −11.56% | 74.55 | 62.15 | −16.63% |
Femoral | 135.63 | 119.75 | −11.71% | 76.97 | 63.71 | −17.23% |
Cerebral region (0D–1D) | ||||||
HA veins | 7.33 | 6.84 | −6.68% | 0.72 | 0.64 | −11.11% |
Left vertebral | 133.17 | 117.39 | −11.85% | 65.80 | 54.55 | −17.10% |
Left vertebral arterioles | 82.67 | 74.08 | −10.39% | 25.66 | 19.77 | −22.95% |
Left internal carotid | 140.36 | 124.19 | −11.52% | 74.99 | 62.99 | −16.00% |
Left internal carotid arterioles | 101.30 | 90.77 | −10.40% | 39.52 | 32.47 | −17.84% |
Left external carotid | 141.51 | 125.13 | −11.58% | 76.19 | 63.99 | −16.01% |
Left external carotid arterioles | 100.25 | 89.30 | −10.92% | 38.03 | 30.53 | −19.72% |
Cardio-thoracic region (0D–1D) | ||||||
LA and MV | 8.67 | 8.54 | −1.50% | 2.49 | 2.27 | −8.84% |
LV and AV | 121.27 | 105.10 | −13.33% | 118.26 | 101.38 | −14.27% |
RA and TV | 7.93 | 7.42 | −6.43% | 3.12 | 3.12 | − |
RV and PV | 23.56 | 21.08 | −10.53% | 20.40 | 17.73 | −13.09% |
Pulmonary arteries | 23.35 | 20.92 | −10.41% | 13.49 | 10.93 | −18.98% |
Pulmonary veins | 9.10 | 8.68 | −4.62% | 1.21 | 0.83 | −31.40% |
SVC | 9.09 | 8.59 | −5.50% | 4.77 | 5.00 | +4.82% |
IVC | 7.91 | 7.14 | −9.73% | 2.73 | 1.83 | −32.97% |
Intercostals | 141.78 | 124.59 | −12.12% | 74.57 | 61.88 | −17.02% |
Intercostals arterioles | 115.90 | 103.48 | −10.72% | 51.63 | 43.67 | −15.42% |
Left brachial | 130.85 | 115.57 | −11.68% | 63.59 | 52.85 | −16.89% |
Abdominal region and organs (0D–1D) | ||||||
Gastric | 130.97 | 116.02 | −11.41% | 67.09 | 56.02 | −16.50% |
Gastric arterioles | 56.93 | 50.23 | −11.77% | 16.94 | 13.02 | −23.14% |
Celiac A | 135.66 | 119.61 | −11.83% | 70.55 | 58.49 | −17.09% |
Left renal | 127.89 | 113.58 | −11.19% | 64.44 | 53.80 | −6.51% |
Left renal arterioles (U and L) | 78.37 | 68.11 | −13.09% | 24.92 | 18.91 | −24.12% |
U ABD venules | 13.64 | 12.39 | −9.16% | 1.60 | 1.15 | −28.12% |
L ABD venules | 13.81 | 13.03 | −5.65% | 1.74 | 1.38 | −20.69% |
Lower limbs region (0D−1D) | ||||||
Inner iliac | 137.60 | 121.48 | −11.72% | 76.79 | 63.97 | −16.69% |
Inner iliac arterioles | 105.54 | 90.17 | −14.56% | 46.21 | 35.46 | −23.26% |
Deep femoral | 136.30 | 120.03 | −11.94% | 77.21 | 63.70 | −17.50% |
Deep femoral arterioles | 86.66 | 73.92 | −14.70% | 33.69 | 25.66 | −23.83% |
Anterior tibial | 144.32 | 124.92 | −13.44% | 91.07 | 73.91 | −18.84% |
Anterior tibial arterioles | 45.93 | 40.33 | −12.19% | 14.13 | 10.91 | −22.79% |
Posterior tibial | 144.91 | 125.36 | −13.49% | 91.46 | 74.11 | −18.97% |
Posterior tibial arterioles | 85.48 | 72.87 | −14.75% | 35.96 | 27.65 | −23.11% |
Legs capillaries | 31.59 | 29.23 | −7.47% | 8.30 | 6.71 | −19.16% |
Legs veins | 7.78 | 7.32 | −5.91% | 0.25 | 0.11 | −56.00% |
