Fig. 1: Schematic diagram.
From: Equivalence of sessile droplet dynamics under periodic and steady electric fields

A three-dimensional sessile droplet (designated by fluid 1) subjected to a periodic electrostatic field between two planar electrodes separated by a distance H0. The droplet is hydrodynamically active, while the ambient fluid (designated by fluid 2) is assumed to be hydrodynamically passive. Note that the precursor film thickness is \({{{\mathcal{O}}}}({h}_{f}^{* })\)20.