Fig. 3: Interfacial charge buildup in the cases of AC and equivalent DC fields.
From: Equivalence of sessile droplet dynamics under periodic and steady electric fields

Temporal variation of the maximum interfacial charge, Qmax: a, c, e Oc = 0.01 and b, d, f Oc = 10. Panels (a, b), (c, d), and (e, f) are for (ε = 10 and σ = 6), (ε = 10 and σ = 10), and (ε = 6 and σ = 10), respectively. Here, for all the AC cases, Ω = π/50.