Table 2 Cytokine levels in serum and culture supernatants in the dynamics of pre- and postflight examinations of cosmonauts (median; q25–q75), p values were obtained using the Wilcoxon’s test.

From: Endothelial dysfunction markers and immune response indices in cosmonauts’ blood after long-duration space flights

Cytokine (pg/mL)

Blood serum

Whole blood culture supernatants without activation

Baseline

+1 day

+7 day

Baseline

+1 day

+7 day

IL-1b

1,8; 1,6-4,0

1,8; 1,2-2,2

1,8; 0,3-2,0

5,9; 4,2-12,0

7,0; 6,6-8,8

6,0; 3,0-7,0

TNFα

0,1; 0,0-0,4

0,3; 0,1-0,4

0,6; 0,0-0,8

4,4; 1,9-13,2

2,4; 1,0-2,8*

1,7; 1,7-3,8

IL-6

0,7; 0,3-1,1

2,2; 0,2-3,0

0,8; 0,5-2,8

150,8; 30,2-229,1

3,2; 2,0-31,1

7,9; 6,3-21,3

IL-8

9,3; 5,3-14,1

16,2; 3,3-20,1

17,4; 16,4-18,5

1366; 79-2974

49; 24-185*

54; 52-438

INF-γ

3,7; 3,7-4,9

4,3; 0,0-5,5

3,7; 3,1-4,3

2,8; 1,3-6,1

3,1; 2,5-4,0

2,8; 2,8-4,3

IL-4

3,7; 3,7-4,9

4,3; 0,0-5,5

3,7; 3,1-4,3

2,8; 1,3-6,1

3,1; 2,5-4,0

2,8; 2,8-4,3

IL-10

6,8; 3,7-7,4

4,9; 4,9-14,2

6,8; 4,3-7,4

4,0; 1,4-7,1

3,7; 3,4-8,6

8,3; 4,3-11,1

IL-18

60,8; 50,7-121,4

80,2; 74,0-82,2

105,5; 84,9-159,8

10,5; 10,3-22,3

17,5; 16,4-28,9

21,7; 13,5-24,2

  1. *Significant difference (p < 0.05).