Fig. 4: Surface bubble nucleation on different substrates.
From: Bubble nucleation and growth on microstructured surfaces under microgravity
a The snapshots showing the surface bubble nucleation on the substrates with different characteristic lengths. b The simulated maximum substrate surface temperatures as a function of heating time on C1 (black) and C4 (red) substrates. c The simulated temperature profiles at t = 30 s on C1 (upper) and C4 (lower) substrates in the space microgravity environment. Inserts show the characterization image and dimensions of the surface microstructures.
