Fig. 2: Response of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and respiratory quotient to the breakfast challenge on the ground and inflight.
From: Substrate metabolism in male astronauts onboard the International Space Station: the ENERGY study
Kinetics and corresponding iAUC over the 260-min postprandial period of the breakfast-meal challenge of energy expenditure (a, e), carbohydrate oxidation (b, f), and lipid oxidation (c, g) on the ground and inflight. Kinetics of RQ during the breakfast-meal challenge (d) and ΔRQ (h), used as an index postprandial change in substrate use, on the ground and inflight. Kinetics are presented by ground (white circles) and inflight (gray squares) unadjusted means (SE) over time. Incremental AUCs and ΔRQ are interquartile range with median and lsmeans (SE) from mixed-effects models accounting for repeated measurements with differences (Diff.) presented with their 95% confidence interval. Models for energy expenditure and substrate oxidation iAUC are adjusted for FFM and FM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. FFM fat-free mass, FM fat mass, RQ respiratory quotient, ΔRQ difference between maximal post meal RQ and fasting RQ; iAUC, incremental area under curve over the 260 min postprandial period. a–d, f–h: inflight data from 10 subjects.
