Table 10 Summary table of gaps in physical knowledge and their application for fluid transfer operations
From: Cryogenic propellant management in space: open challenges and perspectives
Physical knowledge’s gap | Application |
|---|---|
Liquid/Gas interfaces during transfer in all gravity conditions | Tank (re)-filling, fuel in transfer lines |
Heat transfer coefficients with different phases (gas/liquid, liquid/solid, gas/solid), different conditions (e.g., gravity conditions, interfaces conditions), and different concurring mechanisms (e.g., natural convection, thermocapillary convection, etc.) | Tank (re)-filling, fuel in transfer lines |
Creation of bubbles due to heat input or depressurization, with and without flow | Fuel in transfer lines, flow control (regulation valves, etc.), material fatigue. |
Effect of gravity on the creation of bubbles (cavitation or boiling) and presence of flow | Fuel in transfer lines, flow control (regulation valves, etc.), material fatigue. |
