Table 5 Experimental studies on thermodynamic characterization of fluid systems in microgravity

Bellur et al.^119,120

Condensation and evaporation in cryogenics with optical techniques

Ground

Hydrogen, Methane

Techniques are developed and applied for the characterization of phase change rates with changing temperature and pressure conditions.

Flash and splash^{121,122,123,124}

Bubble dynamics in isothermal cavitation

Parabolic Flight

Water

Dynamic of bubbles in water cavitation has been studied in microgravity. Studies included: cavitation in drops, plasma-generated bubbles, strong collapse, shock wave formations and luminescence.

RUBI^125,126,127

The experiment addresses fundamental questions about two-phase heat transfer during boiling processes

ISS

FC-72

Creation of bubbles on heated substrates by the short laser pulse. Contact line behavior on single bubbles. Multiple bubbles study. Bubble growth has been studied as: undisturbed growth, influenced by shear flow, influenced by electric field.

Source I⁸⁹

Dual species system behavior in a compensated gravity environment

Suborbital flight

HFE-7000, Gaseous nitrogen

Free surface behavior, influence of temperature gradients on thermocapillary flows, heat transfer enhancement

Source II⁸⁸

Single species system behavior in a compensated gravity environment

Suborbital flight

HFE-7000

Free surface behavior, the influence of evaporation on apparent contact angle