Table 6 Summary table of gaps in physical knowledge and their application for conditioning and storage
From: Cryogenic propellant management in space: open challenges and perspectives
Physical knowledge’s gap | Application |
|---|---|
Heat transfer coefficients with different phases (gas/liquid, liquid/solid, gas/solid), different conditions (e.g., gravity conditions, interfaces conditions), and different concurring mechanisms (e.g., natural convection, thermocapillary convection, etc.) | Thermal control, zero boil-off, mixing, system readiness for next status. |
Creation of bubbles due to heat input or depressurization, with and without flow | Thermal control by means of depressurization/pressurization, zero boil-off |
Critical heat flux (CHF) curve in relevant acceleration environments | Thermal control, tank filling |
Mass transfer rates due to phase change | Thermal control, tank filling, autogenous pressurization |
Mass transfer rates due to species concentration (effect of non-condensable gas) | Heterogeneous pressurization |
Identification of interaction between the different scales in time and space of problems | Efficient, accurate and representative CFD simulations |
