Fig. 2: Changes contributing to reduced muscle strength in 1 G (left) and µG (right). | npj Microgravity

Fig. 2: Changes contributing to reduced muscle strength in 1 G (left) and µG (right).

From: Advancing insights into microgravity induced muscle changes using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism

Fig. 2

Changes at a cellular level in response to muscle unloading in experienced in microgravity resulting in muscle atrophy in humans. IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, Akt/PKB protein kinase B, regulated in DNA damage and development, ROS reactive oxygen species. The arrows and inhibition symbol show the association of molecules under loading condition, ↑ shows upregulation and ↓ downregulation of molecules under reduced gravity condition. Created with BioRender.com.

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