Fig. 3: High concentration of TGFβ1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells in vitro.
From: BMP9 attenuates microgravity-related disuse osteoporosis by modulating TGFβ and BMP signaling
A Alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red S staining. B Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. C Quantification of mineralization. D Osteogenic gene expression (n = 3). E Phosphorylation of Smads following high-dose TGFβ1 treatment in vitro, as detected by western blot. F Alteration of BMP-pSmad1/5/8 signaling target genes in marrow stromal cells by high-dose TGFβ1 in vitro (n = 3). CM Control culture medium, OM=Osteogenic induction medium. ns no significance *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.
