Fig. 2: The performances of TE materials.

Dependencies of a electrical conductivities, b Seebeck coefficients and c power factors on SWCNT contents for PC/a-SWCNT (along aligned direction and vertical direction to SWCNT alignment) and PC/r-SWCNT composite films. Error bars represent standard deviation with n ≥ 5 for each measurement. d A comparison of power factors of CNT filled thermoplastics-based composites21,36,37,38,39,40,41,42, conducting polymers and their CNT filled composites18,43,44,45,46,47,48,49. The UHMWPE/CNT/Bi2Te3 composite40 contains 4 wt% of CNT and 30 wt% of Bi2Te3 and PP/CNT/CuO composite21 contains 2 wt% of CNT and 5 wt% of CuO. The CNT content of other composites is fixed at 10 wt%. Abbreviations for the mentioned polymers: PVAc is poly(vinyl acetate) latex, VAE is vinyl acetate and ethylene emulsion, UHMWPE is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and WPU is waterborne polyurethane.