Fig. 3: The result of characterization of epidermal sensors.
From: Chest-scale self-compensated epidermal electronics for standard 6-precordial-lead ECG
a Comparison of the skin temperature during running with and without epidermal sensors attached. b Comparison of skin irritation by different electrodes: suction ball electrode, epidermal electrode, and gel electrode. Scale bar, 3 cm. c V1–V6 ECG acquired by EES. d Continuous ECG and respiratory wave. e Changes in the maximum adhesion force of skin-epidermal sensors over time after application of mask essence water as a bonding agent. Error bars represent the standard deviation of 3 measurements. f Comparison of skin impedance of epidermal electrodes with and without adhesive as well as gel electrodes.
