Fig. 6: IR camera and digital images of the Ag BMs/ePI heater.

a IR camera images of the Ag BMs/ePI heater upon different bending radius. b Cyclic electrical heating performance of Ag BMs/ePI heater at 4 V while being bent repeatedly to 1.5 mm diameter. After 10000 bending cycles, it still maintained stable performance. c–e Digital and IR camera images of the Ag BMs/ePI heater in coffee heating with supplied voltage of 4 V. f Digital images of the Ag BMs/ePI heater in coffee heating at 4 V.