Fig. 4: Dynamic sweat sampling and analysis performances of the microfluidic sweat SERS sensor.
a, b Schematic illustrating the comparison between non-microfluidics & permeable SERS substrate and microfluidics & non-permeable SERS substrate system. c Photographic images of a complete sweat sampling process based on the microfluidic patch. d FEA of the solute concentration distributions over the microchamber at different time instances. e Schematic, f Raman spectrogram, and g intensity analysis (at 853 cm−1) of 12 SERS measurement cycles of lactate showing the reversibility of the sensor for dynamic sweat analysis. h Schematic, i Raman spectrogram, and j standardized Icbx/I1078 of pH sensing in different solution volumes showing the low-volume analysis in the microfluidic SERS platform. The error bars represent standard deviations from three different samples.
