Fig. 4: Biocompatibility and bioactivity of the Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel sensor.

a Hemolysis of RBCs after co-incubating with the Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel. PBS and 0.1% Triton X-100 were served as the negative and positive controls, respectively. b Cellular proliferation of L929 cells on Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel. c Live/Dead staining of L929 cells incubated with Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel for 5 days. d UV-vis spectra, and (e) DPPH scavenging efficiency of the DPPH working solution before and after the Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel treatment. f Photothermal conversion performance of the Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel during 4 on/off NIR irradiation cycles. g Photographs of the E. coli and S. aureus colonies, and the bacterial survival ratio of the Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA) hydrogel against E. coli and S. aureus as compared to PBS group.