Fig. 2: Printed electronics fabrication technology.

a The schematic diagram of spray coating. b, c is an array of flexible OLED displays fabricated by spray coating technology. The display is bent inward (b) and the graph displayed when the display is bent inward (c)60. d The schematic diagram of screen printing64. e Photograph of fully screen-printed electrodes when twisted64. f Photographs of metal-polymer electrode array patches during bending and twisting66. g The schematic diagram of roll-to-roll (R2R) printing. h SEM image of the R2R-printed double re-entrant microstructures with a diameter of about 30 μm75. i Photograph of flexible perovskite solar cell fabricated by R2R gravure printing76.