Table 1 Summary of reported performance of printed and vacuum-deposited ultrathin indium tin oxide (ITO) as a function of thickness and annealing temperature

From: Kinetic liquid metal synthesis of flexible 2D conductive oxides for multimodal wearable sensing

Reference

Deposition System

Thickness, nm

Conductivity, S/cm

Annealing Temperature, °C

This Work

Liquid Metal Printing

6

1340

N/A

Pan et al.37

Inkjet Printing

60

440

500

Scheideler et al.38

Gravure Printing

150

500

400

Serkov et al.39

Gravure Printing

400

500

Laser Annealed

Kwok et al.28

Pulsed Laser Deposition

6

830

N/A

Gwamuri et al40

RF sputtering

22

62

300

Kim et al.41

RF sputtering

10

1400

240

Qiao et al.30

DC Sputtering

20

12

300

Chan et al.29

DC Sputtering

20

1488

400