Fig. 5: Image-based impedance spectroscopy (IIS) - impedance spectroscopy (IS) to improve the precision of IS.
From: Image-based impedance spectroscopy for printed electronics

a The IS results are the same as IIS-IS when an expert gives good initial values. b IIS-IS outperforms IS when an expert gives unsatisfactory initial values. c Root mean square errors for IS and IIS-IS.