Fig. 1: Deep brain Flexible Neural Interface for Long-term Stability Strategies.

The long-term stability of flexible brain-machine interfaces requires consideration of implantation methods and surface modifications of neural interfaces. Implantation methods that are compatible with electrode shapes can reduce acute inflammatory responses during implantation, such as tungsten wire-guided insertion for filamentous electrodes, carrier-guided insertion for mesh electrodes, and direct insertion for Utah-like electrodes. Passive surface modifications of neural interfaces help them blend into the microenvironment to ensure functional stability, while active modifications can adjust the microenvironment to maintain surrounding neural bioactivity. Balancing shape, implantation, and modification ultimately extends the detection effectiveness and lifespan of neural interfaces.