Fig. 5

Chemical stability diagram for the Mg and Li systems in a closed carbonate-containing electrolyte describing the change in solution chemistry from an initial condition (✦) to an equilibrium condition (●). The effect of increasing carbonate concentration in solution on the increasing stability of the MgCO3 (lines 5.1 and 5.2) and Li2CO3 (lines 5.3 and 5.4) compounds is demonstrated. Also included are the chemical trajectories for Mg (lines 6.1 and 6.2) and Li (lines 6.3 and 6.4) considering the alloying composition of the Mg–Li alloy and the buffering effect of the carbonate ion