Table 2 Melt history of each of the seven samples prepared for chemical durability testing.

From: Applying laboratory methods for durability assessment of vitrified material to archaeological samples

Sample ID

Melt temperature (°C)

Melt time

Melt notes

General notes

Tests

BA5 1250 °C

1250

1 h

 

Purpose was to reproduce melt conditions and heterogeneity (presence of crystals) found in Broborg samples. Many inclusions of unmelted quartz.

PCT, VHT, EPA 1313

BA5 1400 °C

1400

Two melts at 1 h each

Crushed to fine powder between melts

Some inclusions of quartz in the vitreous portion.

PCT, VHT

Lab-made BA5

1400 (1st melt) 1450 (2nd melt)

Each melt at 1 h each

Crushed to fine powder between melts

Homogeneous sample.

PCT, VHT

443 Granite 1250 °C

1250

1 h

 

Purpose was to reproduce melt conditions and heterogeneity (presence of crystals) found in Broborg samples; glass only found in localized area; large quartz grains remain.

PCT, VHT

443 Granite 1400 °C

1400

Two melts at 1 h each

Crushed to fine powder between melts

Many inclusions of quartz throughout vitreous fraction.

PCT, VHT

Lab-made Granite

1400 (1st melt) 1450 (2nd melt)

Each melt at 1 h each

Crushed to fine powder between melts

Opacity caused by numerous micron-sized bubbles. Bubbles too small to remove from viscous melt.

PCT, VHT

Dike

1300

1.3 h

No unmelted particles observed by optical microscopy

Some crystalline material on a micrometer scale (Fig. S1).

VHT

  1. The samples listed here were melts from rock samples excavated directly from the site or made in the lab from lab chemicals (i.e., ‘lab-made’). The Tests column provides the durability tests to which the samples were subjected.