Table 1 List of vitrification facilities by country and representative compositions of some typical glass formulations associated with those facilities.
From: Forty years of durability assessment of nuclear waste glass by standard methods
Country: vitrification facilities | Glass category and name | SiO2 | P2O5 | B2O3 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | Other | Significant other | Waste loading | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | ||||||||||||
Pamela, Mol | HLW-SM513 | 52.7 | – | 13.2 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 5.9 | 18.7 | – | <30% | |
HLW-SM539 | 35.3 | – | 25.6 | 20.2 | 5.0 | 0.1 | 8.8 | 5 | – | <30% | ||
China | ||||||||||||
Lanzhou | HLW-VPC | 44.9 | <1 | 12.3 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 11.6 | 15.1 | – | – | Xu, 2021 (Personal Communication) |
France | ||||||||||||
La Hague | HLW-R7/T7 | 47.2 | – | 14.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 | – | 10.6 | 18.8 | – | ≤28% | |
Marcoule | HLW-AVM | 42.3 | – | 17.8 | 10.8 | 0.2 | 5 | 11.9 | 12 | – | – | |
Germany | ||||||||||||
Karlsruhe | HLW-GP WAK1 | 50.4 | – | 14.8 | 2.6 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 10.3 | 15.6 | – | ~16% | |
India | ||||||||||||
Tarapur | HLW-IR110 | 34.3 | – | 6.4 | – | – | – | 14.3 | 45.0 | TiO2 (6%) | 29.3% | |
Tarapur | HLW-IR111 | 34.1 | – | 6.4 | – | 2 | – | 0.2 | 59.3 | MnO (9%) | 43.8% | |
Trombay | HLW-WTR–62 | 30 | – | 10 | – | – | – | 6.0 | 54.0 | PbO (25%) Fe2O3 (10%) | 25% | |
Trombay | HLW-SM-44 | 30.4 | – | 20.0 | – | – | – | 9.5 | 38% | BaO (19%) | 21% | |
Japan | ||||||||||||
Rokkasho | HLW-P0798 | 46.6 | 0.29 | 14.2 | 5.0 | 3.0 | – | 10.0 | 20.9 | – | – | |
Korea | ||||||||||||
Taejon | LILW-DG2 | 41.5 | 0.8 | 12.5 | 7.3 | 10.5 | 1.9 | 8.0 | 17.7 | – | ~26% | |
LILW- AG8W1 | 44.1 | 0.3 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 5.3 | 0.6 | 16.5 | 11.9 | – | – | ||
LILW-SG glass | 34.8 | – | 11.0 | 6.5 | 21.1 | 2.7 | 6.7 | 17.2 | K2O (8.3%) | – | ||
Slovakia | ||||||||||||
VICHR, Bohunice | HLW-Chrompik III | 54.8 | – | 13.9 | 5.0 | – | – | 8.0 | 18.3 | Fe2O3 (4.3%) | 3–10% | |
Russia | ||||||||||||
Mayak | HLW | – | 52.0 | – | 19.0 | – | – | 21.2 | 7.8 | – | ≤33% | |
Radon | LILW/ILW- K-26 | 43 | – | 6.6 | 3.0 | 13.7 | – | 23.9 | 9.8 | – | <35% | |
UK | ||||||||||||
Sellafield | HLW-MW Blend | 46.3 | – | 16.4 | 1.91 | – | 1.6 | 8.33 | 25.6 | – | 26–27% | |
HLW-MW Magnox | 46.3 | – | 16.4 | 4.9 | – | 5.0 | 8.33 | 19.0 | – | 27–30% | ||
HLW-CaZn Magnox | 34.4 | 0.51 | 16.3 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 6.9 | 28.8 | – | ~28% | ||
USA | ||||||||||||
Savannah River | HLW-DWPF | 49.8 | – | 8.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 8.7 | 27.1 | – | ≤33 | |
Hanford | LAW-LAWA44 | 44.6 | – | 8.9 | 6.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 20 | 16.3 | – | – | |
Hanford | LAW-HAN28F | 42.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 10.2 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 28.6 | 10.9 | – | – | |
Reference glasses | SON68 | 45.9 | – | 14.1 | 5.0 | 4.1 | – | 10.2 | 20.7 | – | – | |
ISG | 54.9 | – | 16.9 | 5.9 | 4.9 | – | 11.9 | 0 | – | – | ||
EA Glass | 46.3 | – | 10.9 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 16.3 | 20.7 | Fe2O3/Fe3O4 (8.7%) | – | ||
