Fig. 2: Bacterial induced morphogenesis of macro-fouling organisms.
From: Understanding biofouling and contaminant accretion on submerged marine structures
a Metamorphosis-associated contractile structures produced by Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea have been demonstrated to induce metamorphosis in the Hydroides elegans larvae. b Similarly, extracellular vesicles from bacteria are purported to induce metamorphosis in other species of marine invertebrates. c In comparison, spores from green and brown algae require co-culture conditions with multiple strains of bacteria to undergo metamorphosis, with a variety of signaling molecules purported as the drivers that induce metamorphosis.
