Fig. 8: XPS sputtering depth of surface passive film of HNb rebar and CS rebar after passivation for 10 d in SCPS with pH13.2 and pH9.0.

a–e pH13.2. f–j pH9.0. a–c, f–h HNb rebar. d, e, i, j CS rebar. a, f, d, i Fe2p. b, g, e, j O1s. c, h Nb3d.

a–e pH13.2. f–j pH9.0. a–c, f–h HNb rebar. d, e, i, j CS rebar. a, f, d, i Fe2p. b, g, e, j O1s. c, h Nb3d.