Table 1 Material and computational parameters employed in the model

Chemical free energy density curvature parameter A

5 × 10⁹

N/m²

Interface kinetics coefficient L

1

m²/(N ⋅ s)

Concentration in the solid phase c_solid

13.4

mol/L

⁴⁴

Saturated concentration in the liquid phase c_sat

10.3

mol/L

²⁰

Interfacial energy Γ

4

N/m

^77,78

Computational GB thickness l_p

100

nm

Physical Cr depletion thickness δ_gb

15

nm

⁷⁹

Interfacial thickness ℓ

4

μm

Grain boundary diffusivity D_gb

1.70 × 10⁻¹⁵

m²/s

⁷⁶

Metal grain diffusivity D_mg

5.11 × 10⁻²¹

m²/s

⁷⁶