Table 2 PRO-PD severity by symptom and years since diagnosis
PRO-PD Scores Following PD Diagnosis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PD Symptom | Number (%) reporting symptom (N = 1029) | 0–5 years after diagnosis Mean (SD) (n = 642) | 5–10 years after diagnosis Mean (SD) (n = 227) | 10–15 years after diagnosis Mean (SD) (n = 85) | 15 + years after diagnosis Mean (SD) (n = 77) | Estimated yearly increase Mean (95% CI) | P-value |
Fatigue | 92% | 33.1 (24.3) | 40.0 (23.1) | 50.5 (25.1) | 47.4 (24.6) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.48) | <0.000 |
Handwriting | 91% | 32.4 (24.2) | 44.8 (25.5) | 55.3 (27.0) | 51.0 (29.3) | 1.61 (1.31, 1.91) | <0.000 |
Daytime sleepiness | 89% | 27.9 (23.3) | 36.0 (22.5) | 45.9 (25.8) | 43.1 (24.7) | 1.18 (0.9, 1.46) | <0.000 |
Slowness | 88% | 25.9 (21.8) | 34.6 (20.4) | 46.6 (21.9) | 41.9 (23.1) | 1.3 (1.04, 1.56) | <0.000 |
Tremor | 88% | 26.4 (20.9) | 30.4 (21.5) | 28.5 (23.4) | 29.4 (26.4) | 0.23 (−0.04, 0.49) | 0.089 |
Muscle cramps | 88% | 27.2 (24.0) | 35.4 (25.4) | 45.2 (26.8) | 35.7 (26.5) | 0.98 (0.68, 1.27) | <0.000 |
Memory/forgetfulness | 88% | 27.5 (21.0) | 32.7 (21.8) | 37.4 (20.8) | 34.6 (23.2) | 0.58 (0.33, 0.84) | <0.000 |
Sense of balance | 86% | 21.0 (19.6) | 28.8 (19.8) | 40.9 (23.2) | 43.3 (26.5) | 1.51 (1.26, 1.76) | <0.000 |
Sense of smell | 85% | 45.2 (32.8) | 49.3 (32.0) | 55.2 (29.8) | 53.2 (32.9) | 0.72 (0.33, 1.10) | <0.000 |
Sexual dysfunction | 82% | 33.2 (30.3) | 40.8 (30.7) | 47.8 (29.7) | 46.8 (30.8) | 1.01 (0.65, 1.38) | <0.000 |
Urinary functions | 82% | 25.9 (24.7) | 37.4 (26.7) | 44.3 (26.3) | 45.0 (30.4) | 1.52 (1.21, 1.83) | <0.000 |
Stooped posture | 82% | 21.8 (18.7) | 30.4 (21.3) | 36.8 (22.9) | 35.8 (20.7) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.32) | <0.000 |
Walking | 82% | 18.8 (18.0) | 27.1 (20.0) | 40.3 (21.4) | 33.6 (22.4) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.47) | <0.000 |
Anxiety | 79% | 22.1 (22.9) | 24.4 (22.9) | 37.5 (27.3) | 28.5 (25.4) | 0.74 (0.46, 1.02) | <0.000 |
Insomnia | 77% | 26.2 (26.1) | 31.5 (27.3) | 46.5 (28.0) | 32.9 (26.4) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.33) | <0.000 |
Motivation and Initiative | 77% | 23.4 (22.8) | 27.1 (23.0) | 34.0 (23.5) | 32.7 (24.3) | 0.61 (0.33, 0.88) | <0.000 |
Speech | 77% | 18.2 (18.6) | 29.2 (21.9) | 40.1 (24.5) | 32.5 (23.3) | 1.32 (1.08, 1.57) | <0.000 |
Rising from seated | 76% | 18.4 (18.9) | 25.9 (19.2) | 36.5 (21.1) | 33.9 (22.8) | 1.1 (0.86, 1.33) | <0.000 |
Dressing, grooming, eating | 73% | 14.8 (16.7) | 23.3 (18.4) | 32.8 (21.4) | 28.6 (20.5) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.36) | <0.000 |
Constipation | 73% | 20.3 (21.8) | 27.4 (24.2) | 31.2 (22.5) | 31.6 (25.4) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.12) | <0.000 |
Depression | 73% | 17.4 (19.4) | 20.6 (21.7) | 26.0 (22.0) | 21.5 (20.7) | 0.38 (0.13, 0.62) | 0.002 |
Loss of interest | 71% | 19.2 (21.6) | 22.5 (22.7) | 28.5 (23.2) | 27.5 (25.1) | 0.56 (0.3, 0.83) | <0.000 |
Comprehension | 69% | 16.0 (18.6) | 21.5 (20.2) | 24.9 (21.2) | 25.2 (21.4) | 0.66 (0.43, 0.89) | <0.000 |
Sleep behavior disorder | 65% | 19.3 (24.2) | 27.7 (26.5) | 34.3 (27.2) | 35.8 (26.1) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.56) | <0.000 |
Drooling | 65% | 16.7 (20.5) | 26.7 (23.9) | 34.6 (24.8) | 31.4 (24.8) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.43) | <0.000 |
Restless legs | 64% | 18.7 (24.3) | 24.7 (25.6) | 31.3 (26.1) | 27.8 (26.4) | 0.79 (0.49, 1.08) | <0.000 |
Dizzy on standing | 64% | 14.6 (19.7) | 19.5 (20.9) | 23.7 (24.7) | 24.5 (23.8) | 0.6 (0.35, 0.85) | <0.000 |
Visual disturbance | 58% | 12.3 (17.9) | 21.5 (23.7) | 30.8 (26.8) | 22.5 (23.2) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.26) | <0.000 |
Falling | 55% | 11.0 (17.1) | 18.0 (21.9) | 30.1 (24.0) | 29.2 (28.3) | 1.35 (1.12, 1.59) | <0.000 |
Dyskinesia | 47% | 8.8 (16.7) | 22.5 (23.0) | 33.2 (27.0) | 30.7 (25.7) | 1.73 (1.49, 1.97) | <0.000 |
Freezing | 47% | 9.4 (16.1) | 16.6 (20.5) | 26.5 (24.3) | 26.9 (26.8) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.37) | <0.000 |
Nausea | 43% | 9.6 (17.0) | 12.6 (18.9) | 15.7 (20.2) | 10.5 (15.0) | 0.19 (−0.03, 0.4) | 0.084 |
Hallucinations | 31% | 4.6 (10.2) | 10.1 (16.1) | 15.3 (19.6) | 14.2 (21.4) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.89) | <0.000 |
