Fig. 5 | npj Parkinson's Disease

Fig. 5

From: Mitochondrial impairment in microglia amplifies NLRP3 inflammasome proinflammatory signaling in cell culture and animal models of Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 5

Lysosomal dysfunction enhances pesticide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia. a Confocal microscopy showing a lower LysoTracker fluorescence intensity in primed microglial cells treated with pesticides (1 µM). Scale bar, 15 μm. b ICC for LAMP2 staining showing a lower LAMP2 immunoreactivity in primed microglial cells treated with pesticides, implying lysosomal damage. Scale bar, 100 μm. c 60× imaging for LAMP2 ICC showing structural changes in lysosomes in primed microglial cells treated with pesticides. Scale bar, 20 μm. d Western blot analysis reveals increased LC3-II in primed microglial cells exposed to 1 µM pesticides for 3 h. Samples derive from the same experiment and gels/blots were processed in parallel. e Cathepsin activity assay revealed that 1 µM rotenone or tebufenpyrad for 6 h induced higher activity of this enzyme in primed microglial cells. Data analyzed via two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and are represented as Mean ± SEM with n = 3–8

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