Table 3 Characteristics of subgroup analysis comparing PD patients with and without B-vitamin supplementation.

	PD+B-vit. (n = 25)	PD−B-vit. (n = 17)	p
Age (years)	69.1 (5.4)	69.6 (6.6)	0.53^a
Male/female	19/6	11/6	0.50^b
p-Homocysteine (μmol/L) [5–15]	14.6 (4.0)	16.7 (4.3)	0.078^a
p-NfL (pg/mL)	7.0 (4.6)	5.1 (2.6)	0.11^a
PD-specific variables
Motor duration (years)	9.2 (4.3)	5.6 (3.0)	0.001^a
l-dopa duration (years)	6.2 (4.3)	2.8 (3.0)	0.002^a
mH&Y (stage)	2.3 (0.48)	2.1 (0.42)	0.22^a
LEDD (mg)	749 (285)	640 (390)	0.12^a
No l-dopa treatment (n, %yes)	0 (0)	2 (11.8)	0.16^b
RLS study diagnosis (n, %yes)	13 (52.0)	8 (47.1)	0.75^c
Peripheral nerve parameters
UENS (p)	6.1 (3.3)	5.8 (3.4)	0.70^a
ENeG-Ix	−0.85 (0.95)	−0.41 (0.72)	0.10^a
WT hand (°C)	2.7 (1.6)	2.3 (1.1)	0.73^a
CT hand (°C)	2.3 (1.8)	2.0 (1.0)	0.91^a
WT foot (°C)	11.7 (3.9)	9.6 (4.5)	0.21^a
CT foot (°C)	8.9 (9.4)	7.0 (7.2)	0.56^a
CNFL (mm/mm²)	17.0 (3.1)	17.6 (4.0)	0.57^d
CNBD (no/mm²)	103 (28.0)	110 (46.5)	0.52^d

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for numerical, and proportions (%) for categorical variables. A significantly longer disease duration and duration of l-dopa exposure was observed in the group receiving vitamin B supplements. No significant differences were observed with regard to peripheral nerve parameters.
PD+B-vit Parkinson’s disease with vitamin B6 and/or B12 and/or multivitamin supplementation, PD−B-vit. Parkinson’s disease without vitamin B supplementation, NfL neurofilament light, mH&Y modified Hoehn and Yahr, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, UENS Utah Early Neuropathy Scale, ENeG-Ix electroneurography index, WT warmth threshold, CT cold threshold, CNFL corneal nerve fiber length, CNBD corneal nerve branch density.
In bold—indicates p-value ≤ 0.05.
^aMann–Whitney U-test.
^bFisher’s exact test.
^cChi-square test.
^dIndependent T-test.

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