Table 1 Technical details of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

From: Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

Study	Design	Disease duration and medications^a	Country	Sampling	DNA extr.	16S region	Seq. Tech.^b	PE vs SE^c	Accession number
Hill-Burns et al.¹²	Case–control	13.7 ± 6.5 years, 93.9% medicated	USA	Swabs, delivered at RT	MO BIO’s PowerMag Soil kit	V4	MiSeq	SE	ERP016332^d
Hopfner et al.¹⁴	Case–control	11.2 ± 4.8 years, all medicated	Germany	Home or Hospital collection, delivered at RT	Power Soil Kit	V1–V2	MiSeq	PE	PRJEB14928^e
Keshavarzian et al.¹¹	Case–control	6.4 ± 4.7 years, 68.4% medicated	USA	Home collection, delivered in GasPak	FastDNA Soil Kit	V4	MiSeq	SE	PRJNA268515^e
Petrov et al.¹⁷	Case–control	NA	Russia	NA	Mechanical disruption	V3–V4	Miseq	SE	Obtained from the authors
Pietrucci et al.¹⁹	Case–control	8.1 ± 4.5 years, 82.5% on l-dopa	Italy	Home collection, DNA stabilizer	PSP-Spin Stool Kit	V3–V4	MiSeq	PE	PRJNA510730^e
Qian et al.¹⁸	Matched case–control	5.7 ± 4.1 years, all medicated	China	Home collection, transferred in Ice	QIAm DNA stool Mini Kit	V3–V4	MiSeq	PE	PRJNA391524^e
Aho et al.¹⁶	Matched case–control	Median 8.5 years, 73% on l-dopa	Finland	Home collection, DNA stabilizer, stored in the fridge	PSP-Spin Stool Kit	V3–V4	MiSeq	PE	PRJEB27564^d
Scheperjans et al.¹⁵	Matched case–control	Median 6.5 years, all but 2 using medications (77.8% on dopamine agonist)	Finland	Home collection, DNA stabilizer, stored in the fridge	PSP-Spin Stool Kit	V3–V4	MiSeq	PE	PRJEB27564^d
Heintz-Buschart et al.¹³	Case–control	72 ± 31 months, 85% on l-dopa agonist	Germany	Home collection, flash-frozen	Modified Qiagen Allprep	V4	MiSeq	PE	PRJNA381395^e
Weis et al.²⁵	Matched case–control	82 ± 56 months, 85.3% medicated	Germany	MED AUXIL fecal collector set	FastDNA Spin Kit	V4-V5	IonTorrent	PE	PRJEB30615^d

The table reports the following information: study design (a: disease duration at sampling reported as mean and respective standard deviation, and proportion of patients receiving PD-medications), sample collection, DNA extraction, and sequencing techniques (b: sequencing platform; c: paired-end vs single-end). NA indicates that the information was not mentioned in the original article. RT indicates room temperature. In many studies, the proportion of medicated patients was reported for the individual types of drugs. Hence, we could not estimate the total percentage of patients undergoing pharmaceutical treatments, and we report here only the type of drugs with the highest proportions of medicated patients. Accession numbers refer to d: European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), or e: Sequence Read Archive (SRA).

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Table 1 Technical details of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

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