Table 4 Cognitive, affective-behavioral, and RBD data of siblings and DeNoPa cohorts.

From: Heterogeneity of prodromal Parkinson symptoms in siblings of Parkinson disease patients

 

PROPAG-AGEING Siblings’ cohort

DeNoPa cohort

Siblings’ comparisons

Comparisons with DeNoPa

Total Sibs (n = 340)

Italian Sibs (n = 100)

Spanish Sibs (n = 120)

German Sibs (n = 120)

dnPDs (n = 159)

CTRs (n = 109)

ISNB vs SAS vs UMG

dnPDs vs German Sibs

CTRs vs German Sibs

p

Adj. p (UMG vs ISNB; UMG vs SAS; ISNB vs SAS)

OR (CI)/βcoef. (CI)

Adj. p

OR (CI)/βcoef. (CI)

Adj. p

Cognition

 

n = 119

n = 98

         

MoCA adjusted

26.22 ± 3.36

25.39 ± 2.98

26.10 ± 3.81

27.04 ± 2.99

24.52 ± 3.09

25.95 ± 2.36

<0.001

0.004; 0.049; 0.311

−1.18 (−1.88–−0.47)

0.001

−0.10 (−0.84–0.64)

0.789

 Visuospatial-executive

–

–

–

4.29 ± 1.02

4.18 ± 1.01

4.53 ± 0.69

–

–

0.05 (−0.20–0.31)

0.680

0.42 (0.16–0.69)

0.002

 Language

–

–

–

5.41 ± 0.77

5.12 ± 0.81

5.46 ± 0.80

–

–

0.10 (−0.12–0.33)

0.354

0.43 (0.20–0.65)

<0.001

 Attention, concentration, working memory

–

–

–

5.68 ± 0.74

5.45 ± 0.93

5.71 ± 0.54

–

–

−0.08 (−0.30–0.14)

0.489

0.19 (−0.03–0.42)

0.096

 Abstraction

–

–

–

1.83 ± 1.96

1.23 ± 1.46

1.29 ± 1.56

–

–

−0.37 (−0.53–−0.21)

<0.001

−0.28 (−0.44–−0.12)

0.001

 Short-term memory

–

–

–

3.35 ± 1.56

2.00 ± 1.67

2.48 ± 1.57

–

–

−0.93 (−1.37–−0.49)

<0.001

−0.50 (−0.95–−0.05)

0.030

 Orientation

–

–

–

5.93 ± 0.30

5.94 ± 0.24

5.98 ± 0.14

–

–

0.037 (−0.034–0.109)

0.304

0.076 (0.003–0.149)

0.041

Abnormal MoCA

109 (32.2%)

44 (44.0%)

36 (30.3%)

29 (24.2%)

70 (58.8%)

41 (41.8%)

0.006

0.015; 0.200; 0.203

1.97 (1.04–3.70)

0.036

1.14 (0.58–2.24)

0.708

Affective-behavioral

            

 Anxiety disorder

8 (2.4%)

3 (3.0%)

2 (1.7%)

3 (2.5%)

13 (8.2%)

3 (2.8%)

0.803

0.427; 0.844; 0.228

4.34 (0.94–20.1)

0.061

1.53 (0.25–9.50)

0.646

 Depression

36 (10.6%)

7 (7.0%)

13 (10.8%)

16 (13.3%)

35 (22.0%)

17 (15.6%)

0.313

0.135; 0.392; 0.699

2.30 (1.04–5.11)

0.040

1.39 (0.59–3.29)

0.457

RBD

            

Clinical (RBDSQ) - Score

1.71 ± 1.85

1.94 ± 1.82

1.26 ± 1.78

1.98 ± 1.88

3.65 ± 2.81

2.38 ± 2.23

<0.001

0.425; 0.002; 0.005

1.36 (0.70–2.02)

<0.001

0.32 (−0.36–1.00)

0.359

 Positive

27 (8.0%)

9 (9.0%)

6 (5.0%)

12 (10.1%)

43 (28.7%)

17 (16.0%)

0.314

0.245; 0.030; 0.213

2.85 (1.24–6.57)

0.014

1.45 (0.58–3.61)

0.429

vPSG-confirmed

n = 147

n = 98

–

n = 49

n = 159

n = 109

0.687

0.882

8.93 (1.83–43.53)

0.007

0.55 (0.07–4.37)

0.576

 

3 (2.0%)

1 (1.0%)

 

2 (4.3%)

40 (25.3%)

2 (1.8%)

      
  1. Continuous variables are expressed in mean ± standard deviation, discrete in number (%). Adjustments have been made for age, sex, education, smoking, and coffee intake. Statistically significant coefficients and p-values are reported in bold, tendentially significant ones are in italics
  2. Group acronyms are the same as explained in Table 1; Adj. p p-adjusted for covariates, OR odds ratio, CI 95% confidence interval, βcoef. coefficient of regression from linear regression, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, RBD REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, RBDSQ REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire, vPSG video-polysomnography.
  3. aNot statistically re-corrected for age and sex.
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