Table 2 Changes in motor and non-motor symptoms and disability in PD patients from V0 (baseline) to V2 (2 years ± 1 month) with regards to presenting or not clinically significant HRQoL impairment.

From: Predictors of clinically significant quality of life impairment in Parkinson’s disease

 

Non clinically significant HRQoL impairment

N = 407

Clinically significant HRQoL impairment

N = 93

p

Age at baseline

63.04 ± 7.99

61.32 ± 10.17

0.354

Gender (males) (%)

60

57

0.341

Disease duration (at V0)

5.65 ± 4.36

4.91 ± 3.55

0.247

Number of non-antipark. drugs (at V0)

2.56 ± 2.36

2.33 ± 2.49

0.220

Change at V2 (from V0 to V2)

LEDD

+177.15 ± 330.2

+228.75 ± 318.27

0.174

Number of non-antipark. drugs

+0.55 ± 1.56

+0.65 ± 1.45

0.685

UPDRS-III (OFF)

+2.25 ± 9.77

+7.76 ± 11.2

<0.0001

UPDRS-IV

+0.47 ± 2.47

+1.47 ± 2.55

0.002

FOGQ

+0.68 ± 3.85

+3.32 ± 4.71

<0.0001

PD-CRS

−2.17 ± 12.18

−0.67 ± 10.12

0.293

NMSS

+4.15 ± 32.03

+28.64 ± 35.65

<0.0001

 Cardiovascular

+6.21 ± 14.41

+8.11 ± 12.83

0.310

 Sleep/fatigue

+0.7 ± 15.96

+12.98 ± 18.42

<0.0001

 Mood/apathy

+0.5 ± 14.57

+8.62 ± 15.19

<0.0001

 Perceptual symptoms

+1.89 ± 10.61

+4.35 ± 12.56

0.141

 Attention/memory

+1.74 ± 14.16

+7.28 ± 17.30

0.07

 Gastrointestinal symptoms

+2.19 ± 12.64

+4.9 ± 12.8

0.020

 Urinary symptoms

+1.29 ± 20.22

+9.28 ± 21.56

0.001

 Sexual dysfunction

+2.63 ± 30.71

+10.51 ± 23.43

0.007

 Miscellaneous

+0.72 ± 14.88

+6.19 ± 14.89

0.011

BDI-II

−0.63 ± 7.75

+4.51 ± 6.13

<0.0001

PDSS

+2.82 ± 25.80

−9.04 ± 24.96

<0.0001

QUIP-RS

−0.02 ± 9.25

+0.34 ± 8.06

0.736

NPI

−0.43 ± 4.28

+4.28 ± 8.06

<0.0001

VAS-PAIN

+ 0.18 ± 3.21

+1.01 ± 3.74

0.023

VASF − physical

+ 0.09 ± 2.97

+1.1 ± 2.92

0.004

VASF-mental

−0.12 ± 2.76

+1.05 ± 2.95

0.002

ADLS

−2.84 ± 11.08

−10.97 ± 12.42

<0.0001

  1. Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test were applied. The results represent percentages or mean ± SD. The symbol “+” indicates an increase in the score of the scale at V2 compared to V0 while the symbol “–” indicates a decrease. Data about UPDRS-III are during the OFF state (first hour in the morning without taking medication in the previous 12 h).
  2. ADLS Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II, FOGQ, Freezing Of Gait Questionnaire, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose (mg), NMSS Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, PD-CRS Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale, PDSS Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale, QUIP-RS Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, VAFS Visual Analog Fatigue Scale, VAS-Pain Visual Analog Scale-Pain.
  3. The bold values indicates statistically significant p values.
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