Table 2 Relationships between retinal measures and MDS-UPDRS III, H-Y staging, non-motor symptoms in the PD patients.

From: The macular inner plexiform layer thickness as an early diagnostic indicator for Parkinson’s disease

OCT measures	MDS-UPDRS III		H-Y staging		MMSE		RBDQ-HK		ESS		HRS		HAMD
OCT measures	S_β	p	S_β	p	S_β	p	S_β	p	S_β	p	S_β	p	S_β	p
pRNFL, μm
Average	−0.176	< 0.001	−0.316	< 0.001	0.106	0.035	−0.130	0.010	−0.006	0.913	0.087	0.085	−0.025	0.625
Superior	−0.033	0.515	−0.084	0.094	0.136	0.007	0.008	0.867	< 0.001	0.999	−0.004	0.938	−0.010	0.843
Inferior	−0.061	0.229	−0.089	0.075	−0.010	0.841	−0.063	0.214	0.040	0.435	0.054	0.288	0.033	0.522
Nasal	−0.042	0.401	−0.010	0.842	0.005	0.917	−0.025	0.628	0.078	0.125	−0.008	0.867	0.083	0.101
Temporal	−0.173	0.001	−0.265	< 0.001	0.078	0.124	−0.079	0.120	−0.081	0.112	0.034	0.499	−0.090	0.077
macula, μm
MRT^a	−0.330	< 0.001	−0.378	< 0.001	0.074	0.143	−0.250	< 0.001	−0.131	0.009	0.080	0.116	−0.173	0.001
mRNFL^b	−0.322	< 0.001	−0.319	< 0.001	0.105	0.045	−0.138	0.008	−0.123	0.019	0.078	0.138	−0.082	0.116
GCL^b	−0.243	< 0.001	−0.202	< 0.001	0.117	0.025	−0.170	0.001	−0.121	0.020	0.186	< 0.001	−0.178	0.001
IPL^b	−0.239	< 0.001	−0.250	< 0.001	0.065	0.218	−0.185	< 0.001	−0.169	0.001	0.103	0.049	−0.077	0.143
INL^b	−0.271	< 0.001	−0.226	< 0.001	0.044	0.396	−0.158	0.002	−0.053	0.311	0.059	0.259	−0.122	0.020
OPL^b	−0.009	0.858	0.235	< 0.001	−0.021	0.693	0.051	0.326	−0.001	0.980	−0.056	0.288	−0.001	0.978
ONL^b	−0.123	0.018	−0.071	0.175	0.012	0.823	−0.100	0.057	0.023	0.657	0.044	0.405	−0.069	0.185
IS/OS^b	−0.024	0.644	−0.038	0.472	0.011	0.828	0.071	0.178	0.029	0.581	−0.068	0.195	0.023	0.661
outer segment^b	−0.051	0.334	0.012	0.813	0.007	0.898	−0.027	0.605	0.045	0.388	−0.090	0.085	−0.002	0.971
OPR^b	−0.076	0.148	−0.059	0.259	0.114	0.029	−0.080	0.125	0.017	0.751	0.133	0.011	−0.041	0.431
RPE^b	−0.028	0.598	−0.059	0.262	0.047	0.374	0.017	0.745	−0.060	0.254	0.049	0.352	0.001	0.983
TMV^b	−0.310	< 0.001	−0.314	< 0.001	0.029	0.573	−0.199	< 0.001	−0.143	0.005	0.154	0.002	−0.174	0.001

Significant results in bold. A linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between OCT measures and MDS-UPDRS III, H-Y staging, MMSE, RBD, ESS, HRS, and HAMD scores, which was adjusted for confounders of age, sex.
PD Parkinson’s Disease, S_β Standardized regression coefficient, OCT optical coherence tomography, MDS-UPDRS III Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III, H-Y Hoehn-Yahr, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, RBDQ-HK Rapid Eye Movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) questionnaire-Hong Kong, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, HRS Hyposmia Rating Scale, HAMD Hamilton rating scale for depression, pRNFL peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, MRT macular retina thickness, mRNFL macular retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL ganglion cell layer, IPL inner plexiform layer, INL inner nuclear layer, OPL outer plexiform layer, ONL outer nuclear layer, IS/OS inner segment/outer segment, OPR photoreceptor outer segment/retinal pigment epithelium, RPE retinal pigment epithelium, TMV total macular volume.
^aMRT: the full thickness of retina from internal limiting membrane (ILM) to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
^bHigh-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) measures (mm) are the average of nine subfields of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid centered at the fovea.

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Table 2 Relationships between retinal measures and MDS-UPDRS III, H-Y staging, non-motor symptoms in the PD patients.

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