Fig. 4: Profiles of gut metabolic modules (GMMs) and predicted metabolites after 1- and 3-month intervention.
From: Probiotics synergized with conventional regimen in managing Parkinson’s disease
a Distribution of selected GMMs (relating to the development, pathophysiology, and immunity related to Parkinson’s disease) across significant differential species-level genome bins (SGBs) between probio-M8 (Pro) and placebo (Pla) groups. b Procrustes analyses performed on the predicted microbiomes and metabolomes of the probio-M8 (Pro) and placebo (Pla) groups at day 0 (0d), 1 month (1 M), and 3 months (3 M), showing positive cooperativity between the microbiome and metabolome profiles (correlation = 0.329; P = 0.001). c, d Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) score plots and Adonis test of the Probio-M8 (Pro) and placebo (Pla) groups at days 0 (0d), 1 month (1 M), and 3 months (3 M) showing changes in predicted bioactive metabolites. Symbols representing samples of individuals at different time points are shown in different colors. Significant differences between groups were evaluated by the adonis test. e Boxplots showing the contents of predicted differential bioactive metabolites that were responsive to Probio-M8 adjuvant treatment, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Boxplot elements: center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5x interquartile range; points, outliers.
