Table 5 Comparison of blood biomarkers among the three PD clusters.

From: Biomarker characterization of clinical subtypes of Parkinson Disease

Blood biochemical markers

Cluster A

Cluster B

Cluster C

p value*

q value**

severe cluster

intermediate

mild cluster

n = 43

n = 98

n = 65

Hcy (u/molL)

19.4 ± 4.2

18.4 ± 5.7

15.6 ± 5.6

0.001

0.005

CRP (mg/L)

2.5 ± 5.0

1.5 ± 2.4

0.9 ± 2.1

0.000

<0.0001

Vit D3(ng/mL)

22.8 ± 7.5

23.2 ± 7.3

21.7 ± 6.7

0.522

0.522

UA(mg/dL)

5.3 ± 1.2

5.0 ± 1.4

4.8 ± 1.5

0.200

0.286

TC(mg/dL)

176.0 ± 37.8

195.1 ± 36.2

189.4 ± 31.5

0.045

0.113

TG(mg/dL)

103.5 ± 29.6

110.5 ± 53.6

93.3 ± 34.1

0.039

0.100

HDL(mg/dL)

56.9 ± 13.6

61.3 ± 15.5

61.4 ± 15.8

0.254

0.300

LDL(mg/dL)

98.6 ± 30.8

111.9 ± 31.7

109.4 ± 26.3

0.189

0.286

APOA1(g/L)

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

0.270

0.300

APOB(g/L)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.141

0.282

  1. Mean ± standard deviation
  2. *Generalized linear model was applied to compare the biomarkers against different clusters and adjusted for age of diagnosis, sex.
  3. **False discovery rate (FDR) method was performed and q values were calculated to control for multiple testing and the threshold of q values was set as 0.1.
  4. Hcy: Homocysteine, CRP C-reactive protein, Vit D3 Vitamin D3, UA Uric acid; TC Cholesterol; TG Triglyceride; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A1 apolipoprotein A1, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo B apolipoprotein B.
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