Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics.

From: Longitudinal clinical and biomarker characteristics of non-manifesting LRRK2 G2019S carriers in the PPMI cohort

 

Group

p values

LRRK2 G2019S converters

Healthy controls (N = 185)

LRRK2 G2019S carriers (N = 176)

LRRK2 G2019S vs healthy controls

Consensus Committee (N = 5)

Sex (female)

66 (36%)

99 (56%)

<0.0001

5 (100%)

Age, mean (SD; range)

61.0 (11.1; 30–83)

62.0 (7.7; 45–81)

0.3225

70.0 (12.5; 53–81)

Education (≤12 years)

27 (15%)

26 (15%)

0.9619

1 (20%)

Ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino)

2 (1%)

15 (9%)

0.0008

0 (0%)

Race (White)

172 (93%)

171 (98%)

0.0340

5 (100%)

Family history of PD (first-degree)

0 (0%)

152 (86%)

<0.0001

5 (100%)

UPSIT raw score, mean (SD; range)

34.2 (4.4; 16–40)

33.1 (4.3; 14–40)

0.0261

30.6 (7.0; 19–36)

UPSIT percentile

  

0.0055

 

≤15th

17 (9%)

20 (11%)

 

2 (40%)

16th-50th

50 (27%)

73 (41%)

 

0 (0%)

>50th

118 (64%)

83 (47%)

 

3 (60%)

DAT deficit

12 (7%)

21 (13%)

0.0546

4 (100%)

Missing DAT results

1

8

 

1

Caudate SBR

2.99 (0.61)

2.97 (0.57)

0.5857

2.24 (0.37)

Putamen SBR

2.15 (0.54)

2.09 (0.51)

0.2960

1.09 (0.30)

Striatum SBR

2.57 (0.55)

2.53 (0.52)

0.4178

1.66 (0.31)

MDS prodromal criteria (>80%)

1 (1%)

12 (7%)

0.0014

3 (60%)

  1. Data are mean (SD) or n (%) unless otherwise stated. DAT deficit defined as <65% age/sex-expected lowest putamen SBR. Ethnicity and race were missing for one LRRK2 G2019S subject. p values for SBR measures were adjusted for age and sex using inverse probability weighting; all other p values were found using chi-square and t-tests. LRRK2 G2019S converters reflect a subset of the overall LRRK2 G2019S group. UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, DAT dopamine transporter, SBR specific binding ratio, MDS International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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