Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
PD whole (n = 76) | HC whole (n = 48) | p valuew | PDa (n = 40) | HCa (n = 47) | p valuea | PDb (n = 36) | HCb (n = 31) | p valueb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 57.00 ± 9.53 | 52.65 ± 9.25 | 0.01* | 54.55 ± 8.34 | 52.22 ± 8.84 | 0.25 | 59.72 ± 10.13 | 57.86 ± 5.67 | 0.11 |
Sex, male (%) | 48.7% | 41.7% | 52.50% | 40.43% | 0.26 | 44.44% | 35.48% | 0.46 | |
Education (years) | 7.73 ± 4.90 | 10.48 ± 5.85 | 0.01** | 8.41 ± 5.01 | 10.57 ± 5.88 | 0.09 | 7.00 ± 4.74 | 9.03 ± 4.96 | 0.09 |
Symptom onset side | |||||||||
Left-side | 31.58% | - | - | 30.00% | - | - | 33.33% | - | - |
Right-side | 68.42% | - | - | 70.00% | - | - | 66.67% | - | - |
Disease duration (years) | 7.00 ± 4.76 | - | - | 5.22 ± 4.45 | - | - | 9.78 ± 6.50 | - | - |
UPDRS I | 2.00 ± 2.17 | - | - | 1.05 ± 2.06 | - | - | 2.39 ± 2.26 | - | - |
UPDRS II | 11.57 ± 6.39 | - | - | 8.85 ± 4.72 | - | - | 14.58 ± 6.69 | - | - |
UPDRS III | 25.72 ± 12.36 | - | - | 19.05 ± 11.28 | - | - | 33.14 ± 8.83 | - | - |
UPDRS IV | 3.13 ± 2.98 | - | - | 2.03 ± 2.01 | - | - | 4.36 ± 3.41 | - | - |
UPDRS total | 42.45 ± 19.78 | - | - | 31.55 ± 16.40 | - | - | 54.56 ± 15.88 | - | - |
H&Y stage | 2.25 ± 0.87 | - | - | 1.55 ± 0.45 | - | - | 3.03 ± 0.45 | - | - |
LEDD (mg) | 605.90 ± 275.40 | - | - | 504.40 ± 245.35 | - | - | 715.79 ± 266.66 | - | - |
HAM-D | 7.48 ± 5.83 | 3.83 ± 3.55 | 0.0001*** | 5.56 ± 3.97 | 3.90 ± 3.57 | 0.03* | 9.56 ± 6.81 | 3.96 ± 3.43 | <0.0001**** |
HAM-A | 6.67 ± 5.49 | 2.95 ± 2.77 | <0.0001**** | 5.08 ± 5.19 | 3.00 ± 2.79 | 0.08 | 8.39 ± 5.35 | 3.19 ± 2.77 | <0.0001**** |
MMSE | 24.73 ± 4.71 | 26.33 ± 3.23 | 0.10 | 26.23 ± 3.18 | 26.28 ± 3.26 | 0.89 | 23.11 ± 5.54 | 25.71 ± 3.24 | 0.09 |
Fazekas score total | 1.82 ± 1.22 | 1.63 ± 1.10 | 0.51 | 1.58 ± 0.83 | 1.63 ± 1.10 | 1.00 | 2.09 ± 1.53 | 1.83 ± 1.20 | 0.60 |
PVWM | 1.03 ± 0.65 | 0.95 ± 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.92 ± 0.49 | 0.95 ± 0.64 | 0.95 | 1.15 ± 0.80 | 1.03 ± 0.68 | 0.57 |
DWM | 0.79 ± 0.74 | 0.68 ± 0.66 | 0.50 | 0.66 ± 0.58 | 0.68 ± 0.66 | 1.00 | 0.94 ± 0.86 | 0.79 ± 0.68 | 0.59 |