Fig. 5: Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival curves for health-related workforce exit among workforce active persons newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and matched controls by sex, age, and highest attained education.

Patients and controls younger than 60 years at diagnosis/matching were included. a The survival distributions differed significantly between PD cases and controls for both sexes (log-rank tests, both P < 0.001), as well as between sexes within the PD case and control groups (P = 0.031 and < 0.001, respectively). The median health-related workforce survival was 112.0 (95% CI: 96.1–127.9) months in female PD patients (events: 275, censored: 370) and 131.0 (95% CI: 120.8–141.2) months in male PD patients (events: 450, censored: 761). 7394 controls were included, of whom 4,828 were male (events: 216, censored: 4612) and 2566 female (events: 165, censored: 2401). b The survival distributions differed significantly between PD cases and controls for each age group, as well as between both age groups within PD cases and controls (log-rank tests, all P < 0.001). The median health-related workforce survival was 107.0 (95% CI: 96.0–118.0) months in PD patients aged 50–59 years at the time of diagnosis (events: 548, censored: 796) and 148.0 (N/A) months in PD patients younger than 50 years at the time of diagnosis (events: 177, censored: 335). 7394 controls were included, of whom 5356 were in the older (events: 307, censored: 5049) and 2038 in the younger (events: 74, censored: 1964) age category. c The survival distributions differed significantly between the education groups within PD cases and controls, as well as between PD cases and controls at both levels of education (log-rank tests, all P < 0.001). The median time to health-related workforce exit was 110.0 (95% CI: 98.2–121.8) months in the PD group with lower education (events: 498, censored: 655) and 147.0 (N/A) months in the PD group with higher education (events: 227, censored: 472). 7382 controls with lower (events: 306, censored: 4610) or higher education (events: 75, censored: 2,391) were included. Lower education: upper secondary school or lower, higher education: post-secondary school or higher. PD Parkinson’s disease, CI confidence interval, N/A not applicable.