Table 2 Selected clinical, white matter fiber, and cortical thickness features according to the FoG evolution.

From: Cortical thickness and white matter microstructure predict freezing of gait development in Parkinson’s disease

 

PPMI

FJMUUH-PD

Characteristic

FoG nonconverters

FoG converters

P-value

Adjusted P-value*

FoG nonconverters

FoG converters

P-value

Adjusted P-value*

n = 60

n = 25

n = 37

n = 18

Age at baselinea

58.5 (9.3)

62.1 (13.2)

0.163

/

65.1 (6.3)

66.9 (8.7)

0.382

/

UPDRS-I scoresb

/

/

/

/

2.0 [1.0,4.0]

2.0 [0.0,4.3]

0.643

/

UPDRS-II scoresa

/

/

/

/

9.6 (5.1)

9.61 (4.6)

0.994

/

UPDRS-III scoresb

/

/

/

/

26.0 [18.0,34.0]

29.0 [17.75,38.3]

0.355

/

MDS-UPDRS-I scoresb

1.0 [0.0, 1.0]

1.0 [1.0, 3.0]

0.007

/

/

/

/

/

MDS-UPDRS-II scoresb

4.0 [2.0, 6.2]

6.0 [5.0, 9.0]

0.003

/

/

/

/

/

MDS-UPDRS-III scoresa

18.2 (7.4)

22.4 (9.5)

0.031

/

/

/

/

/

rG_cingul-post-dorsal

2.85 ± 0.17

2.73 ± 0.25

0.007

0.072

0.39 ± 0.03

0.38 ± 0.03

0.004

0.110

lG_precentral

2.51 ± 0.16

2.32 ± 0.26

<0.001

0.008

1.13 ± 0.16

0.99 ± 0.2

0.005

0.103

lG_temp_sup-Plan_polar

3.48 ± 0.24

3.27 ± 0.32

0.002

0.053

0.51 ± 0.07

0.47 ± 0.1

0.018

0.181

rG_temp_sup-Plan_tempo

2.55 ± 0.13

2.49 ± 0.41

0.334

0.562

0.58 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.651

0.852

FA-right thalamic radiation

0.48 ± 0.03

0.46 ± 0.02

0.012

0.122

2.61 ± 0.43

2.79 ± 0.37

0.676

0.722

FA-callosum forceps major

0.61 ± 0.06

0.58 ± 0.16

0.276

0.480

2.29 ± 0.24

2.31 ± 0.17

0.493

0.540

FA-right arcuate

0.48 ± 0.04

0.46 ± 0.05

0.297

0.495

1.86 ± 0.17

1.86 ± 0.21

0.924

0.924

MD-left thalamic radiation

0.72 ± 0.03

0.77 ± 0.05

<0.001

0.015

1.68 ± 0.18

1.74 ± 0.15

<0.001

0.004

MD-left corticospinal

0.68 ± 0.03

0.71 ± 0.03

0.012

0.111

2.13 ± 0.21

2.21 ± 0.17

0.004

0.010

MD-right arcuate

0.7 ± 0.03

0.72 ± 0.06

0.060

0.252

2.26 ± 0.22

2.31 ± 0.13

0.005

0.010

RD-right arcuate

0.5 ± 0.04

0.53 ± 0.06

0.084

0.281

1.84 ± 0.28

1.88 ± 0.32

0.016

0.024

  1. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 tests, and the results were reported as counts and percentages (n (%)).
  2. Bold values represent correlations that are statistically significant.
  3. PPMI Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative, FJMUUH-PD Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Parkinson’s Disease, FoG freeze of gait, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, FA fractional anisotropy, MD mean diffusivity, RD radial diffusion; l left, r right, G_temp_sup-Plan_polar G_temp_sup-Planum_polare, G_temp_sup-Plan_tempo G_temp_sup-Planum_tempolare, G_cingul-Post-dorsal G_posterior-dorsal.
  4. aNormally distributed continuous variables were compared using independent t -tests, and the results were reported as means along with standard deviations (means ± standard deviations).
  5. bNon-normally distributed continuous variables were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the results were reported as medians, along with interquartile ranges (medians [interquartile ranges]).
  6. *Adjusted by false discovery rate.
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