Fig. 1: Simulation of stimulation patient 5. | npj Parkinson's Disease

Fig. 1: Simulation of stimulation patient 5.

From: Image-guided programming deep brain stimulation improves clinical outcomes in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 1

Residual symptoms after surgery primarily include freezing of gait. a 3D reconstruction of the STN (Green), electrode position (Orange), and VTA model (red). b Inline, perpendicular and axial view. c Programming settings. The top panel illustrates the initial stimulation. The left electrode is located medially to the STN, with circular stimulation in supraventral contact, while the VTA extends beyond the STN boundaries medially. The right electrode is in the appropriate position. With supraventral contact stimulation, the VTA is situated ventrally in relation to the NST. The bottom panel demonstrates image-guided programming to cover the NST region. In the left electrode, vertical current direction is applied in supraventral and sudorsal contact, with lateralization of the current. In the right electrode, vertical steering is applied in supraventral and subdorsal contact.

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