Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants in Study 1

From: Clinical symptoms and neuroanatomical substrates of daytime sleepiness in Parkinson’s disease

Characteristics

PD-nEDS (n = 52)

PD-EDS (n = 25)

P-value

Age, y

66.6 ± 8.3

61.8 ± 8.3

0.02 (0.07)

Sex, male n (%)

32 (62)

16 (64)

0.84

Education, y

14.8 ± 4.01

15.0 ± 2.8

0.83

PD duration (symptoms onset), y

5.9 ± 4.5

6.3 ± 4.5

0.74

Hoehn and Yahr stage

2.3 ± .8

2.2 ± 1.0

0.64

UPDRS part III ‘on’ score

21.3 ± 10.7

22.6 ± 10.3

0.62

RBD, n (%)

26 (50)

14 (56)

0.62

MCI, n (%)

25 (48)

14 (56)

0.52

MMSE score

28.5 (1.4)

28.2 (2.2)

0.54

Medication

LEDD, mg

591.4 ± 328.5

629.9 ± 334.5

0.63

DA receptor agonist, n (%)a

15 (29)

11 (44)

0.21

DA receptor agonist, LEDD mg

55.5 ± 94.6

119.5 ± 170.9

0.04 (0.06)

Antidepressants, n (%)

12 (23)

7 (28)

0.27

Others, n (%)b

13 (25)

6 (24)

0.92

ESS score

6.1 ± 2.8

14.20 ± 3.06

<0.0001 (0.64)

ISI score

10.1 ± 7.0

12.6 ± 6.5

0.14

BDI-II score

10.4 ± 7.8

11.8 ± 5.3

0.42

BAI score

11.1 ± 8.3

9.9 ± 7.0

0.53

UPDRS part I apathy, n (%)

17/47 (36)

12/24 (50)

0.26

  1. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Effect size when p < 0.05).
  2. PD Parkinson’s disease, PD-EDS PD with excessive daytime sleepiness, PD-nEDS PD without EDS, DA dopamine, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dosage, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE mini-mental state examination, RBD rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory second edition, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory.
  3. aAll on pramipexole.
  4. bClonazepam = 8, zopiclone = 5, lorazepam = 2, quetiapine = 1, tranxene = 1, oxazepam 1, and nitrazepam 1.
Back to article page