Fig. 1: Changes in SAA physicochemical factors promote the detection of αSyn seeding in PD.

a Schematic of the initial phase in the seeding amplification assay (SAA) buffer discovery process for assessing α-synuclein (αSyn) seeding in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In Step 1, skin samples were extracted from both PD patients and HC. In Step 2, these samples underwent incubation with 126 distinct conditions, followed by cycles of agitation and rest for evaluation. Designed with Biorender.com. b and c Aggregation rate between reactions seeded with PD‐derived skin homogenate and control samples were amplified under two different monomeric species using 7 additives at 3 concentrations in 3 different temperatures, with no addition group as control. b displays the outcomes of SAA seeded with skin homogenate from PD and c displays the outcomes of SAA seeded with skin homogenate from HC. The lag phase was calculated as the mean of the values obtained from each triplicate. d A favorable environment to detect disease‐associated α‐synuclein (αSynD) in PD skin was shown in the fold separation of the lag phase between PD and HC. Buffers lighted in red represent the optimal conditions to detect αSynD seeding in PD skin.