Fig. 2: ATP13A2 knockout causes progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway over 10 months.

a Representative images of TH immunostaining in the striatum of ATP13A2 floxed KO mice injected with AAV-GFP or AAV-Cre vectors at 3 months. Scale bars: 1 mm. Striatal TH optical density was measured using HALO analysis software with data expressed as % TH optical density of the ipsilateral striatum versus the contralateral striatum. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n = 7-8 mice per group. *P < 0.05 by unpaired, Student’s t-test. b Representative images of TH immunostaining in the SN at 3 months. Scale bars: 400 µm. Unbiased stereological analysis of TH+ and Nissl+ neurons in the SNpc at 3 months with data expressed as % TH+ or Nissl+ neuron loss versus the contralateral SNpc. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n = 9–10 mice per group. c Images of striatal TH immunostaining and striatal TH optical density in mice at 10 months after AAV delivery. Scale bars: 1 mm. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n = 13-14 mice per group. ***P < 0.001 by unpaired, Student’s t-test. d Images of SN TH immunostaining and stereological counts of nigral TH+ and Nissl+ neurons at 10 months. Scale bars: 400 µm. Bars represent mean ± SEM, n = 12 mice per group. **P < 0.01 by unpaired, Student’s t-test.