Table 2 Clinical features associated with different clinical subtypes based on OH status

From: Orthostatic Hypotension: a clinical marker for the body-first subtype of patients with Parkinson’s Disease

 

Univariate analysis, unadjusted OR (95%CI)

 

Multivariate analysis, adjusted OR (95%CI)

 

SOH vs NOH

LOH vs NOH

SOH vs LOH

P

SOH vs NOH

LOH vs NOH

SOH vs LOH

P

Female

1.04 (0.74-1.44)

1.11 (0.83-1.51)

0.93 (0.66-1.31)

0.759

-

-

-

-

Age

1.05 (1.03-1.07)

1.05 (1.03-1.06)

1.01 (0.99-1.03)

<0.001

1.03 (1.00-1.06)

1.03 (1.00-1.05)

1.00 (0.98-1.03)

0.021

Disease duration

1.05 (1.02-1.09)

1.07 (1.03-1.10)

0.98 (0.96-1.02)

<0.001

-

-

-

0.507

LED

1.003 (1.001-1.006)

1.004 (1.002-1.006)

1.00 (0.99-1.00)

<0.001

-

-

-

0.714

Asymmetric onset

0.83 (0.49-1.41)

0.79 (0.49-1.26)

1.06 (0.62-1.79)

0.586

-

-

-

-

Motor subtypes (Ref: TD)

  

0.162

    

PIGD

1.34 (0.92-1.94)

1.26 (0.90-1.76)

1.06 (0.72-1.57)

 

-

-

-

-

Indeterminate

0.80 (0.40-1.59)

1.40 (0.81-2.42)

0.57 (0.28-1.14)

 

-

-

-

-

H&Y (Ref: 1-2.5)

  

0.045

   

0.243

3

1.46 (1.00-2.13)

1.39 (0.98-1.96)

1.05 (0.71-1.55)

 

-

-

-

-

4-5

1.45 (0.89-2.38)

1.75 (1.14-2.69)

0.83 (0.51-1.35)

 

-

-

-

-

Motor fluctuations

1.67 (1.08-2.60)

1.95 (1.31-2.90)

0.86 (0.53-1.38)

0.002

1.80 (1.07-3.04)

2.07 (1.31-3.29)

0.86 (0.50-1.50)

0.004

Dyskinesias

1.40 (0.93-2.12)

1.63 (1.13-2.36)

0.86 (0.57-1.29)

0.028

-

-

-

0.274

FOG

1.69 (1.20-2.38)

1.63 (1.20-2.22)

1.03 (0.73-1.47)

0.001

-

-

-

0.413

MDS-UPDRS-II

1.05 (1.03-1.08)

1.05 (1.03-1.07)

1.00 (0.98-1.02)

<0.001

-

-

-

0.986

MDS-UPDRS-III

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

<0.001

-

-

-

0.390

Cognitive impairment-MMSE

1.35 (0.96-1.90)

1.25 (0.92-1.70)

1.08 (0.76-1.53)

0.164

-

-

-

-

Cognitive impairment-MoCA

1.59 (1.08-2.37)

1.49 (1.05-2.12)

1.07 (0.70-1.62)

0.023

-

-

-

0.854

PDSS

0.99 (0.99-1.00)

1.00 (0.99-1.00)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

0.158

-

-

-

-

EDS

1.47 (0.97-2.23)

0.95 (0.63-1.43)

1.55 (1.00-2.41)

0.105

-

-

-

-

pRBD

3.87 (2.67-5.60)

2.27 (1.66-3.12)

1.70 (1.16-2.49)

<0.001

2.96 (1.87-4.69)

1.76 (1.19-2.61)

1.68 (1.06-2.66)

<0.001

NMSS- cardiovascular

1.13 (1.04-1.22)

1.06 (0.98-1.15)

1.06 (0.99-1.14)

0.009

1.12 (1.02-1.24)

1.02 (0.93-1.13)

1.10 (1.01-1.19)

0.027

NMSS-digestive

1.09 (1.05-1.12)

1.08 (1.04-1.11)

1.01 (0.98-1.04)

<0.001

1.03 (0.99-1.08)

1.07 (1.03-1.11)

0.97 (0.93-1.01)

0.005

Hyposmia

1.00 (0.69-1.45)

0.87 (0.62-1.22)

1.14 (0.78-1.68)

0.686

-

-

-

-

Depression

1.54 (1.08-2.18)

1.14 (0.83-1.55)

1.35 (0.94-1.95)

0.054

-

-

-

-

Anxiety

1.27 (0.90-1.79)

0.98 (0.72-1.33)

1.29 (0.90-1.84)

0.312

-

-

-

-

Hallucination

2.02 (1.21-3.36)

1.57 (0.96-2.56)

1.29 (0.79-2.09)

0.021

-

-

-

0.583

SH

1.00 (0.66-1.52)

1.81 (1.28-2.55)

0.56 (0.37-0.84)

0.001

0.88(0.51-1.53)

1.75 (1.11-2.74)

0.51 (0.30-0.84)

0.009

  1. Odds ratio (OR), lower and upper 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported from multinomial logistic regression models. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was adjusted for variables with p < 0.05 at univariate analysis.
  2. Bold words: significant values.
  3. OH orthostatic hypotension, SOH spontaneous OH, LOH levodopa-induced OH, NOH non-OH, LED levodopa equivalent dose in the Levodopa Challenge Test, TD tremor dominate, PIGD postural instability/gait disorder, FOG freezing of gait, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MMSE Mini-mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment, PDSS Parkinson disease sleep scale, EDS excessive daytime sleepiness, pRBD probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, NMSS non-motor symptoms scale, SH supine hypertension.
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