Table 4 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined biomarkers of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

From: Biomarkers for cognitive impairment in alpha-synucleinopathies: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Ref.

Study design

Included studies (N, design)

Included subjects (N, diagnosis)

Biomarker

Cognitive dysfunction severity

Group comparisons

Main results

Conclusions

Type

Purpose

56

MA

N: 57 prospective, cohort

PD-CI (CSF): 1698

PD-CI (EEG): 180

Neuroimaging (MRI, DAT SPECT); EEG (α, β, δ, θ power); CSF (Aß42; t-tau); genetics (APOE alleles; MAPT H1/H1; GBA mutations)

Prognosis

PD-CI

PD-CI vs PD-NC

APOE ε2 (RR: 6.47; 95% CI: [1.29, 32.53]; p = 0.09) and ε4 alleles (RR: 3.04; 95% CI: [1.88, 4.91]; p = 0.06) are associated with an increased risk of PD-CI

Reduced median α power (RR: 1.77; 95% CI: [1.07, 2.92]; p = 0.75) and increased median θ power (RR: 2.93; 95% CI: [1.61, 5.33]; p = 0.92) are associated with an increased risk of PD-CI

APOE alleles and EEG slowing may be promising predictors for PD-CI

  1. Aß beta-amyloid, APOE apolipoprotein gene, CI confidential interval, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, DAT dopamine transporter, EEG electroencephalogram, GBA glucocerebrosidase, MA meta-analysis, MAPT microtubule associated protein tau, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, PD-CI patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment, PD-NC patients with Parkinson’s disease and normal cognition, SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography, RR relative risk, t-tau total tau.
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