Table 1 Population characteristics included in the study

From: Early detection of Parkinson’s disease through multiplex blood and urine biomarkers prior to clinical diagnosis

Characteristics

Before imputation

After imputation

After exclusion

No PD (n = 423,499)

Incident PD (n = 3395)

No PD (n = 423,499)

Incident PD (n = 3395)

No PD (n = 389,196)

Incident PD (n = 3084)

Follow-up time (Years)

15.17 ± 0.90

15.23 ± 0.90

15.17 ± 0.90

15.23 ± 0.90

9.50 ± 0.85

7.89 ± 2.63

Age (Years)

56.77 ± 8.01

62.97 ± 5.18

56.77 ± 8.01

62.97 ± 5.18

56.74 ± 8.00

63.01 ± 5.13

Sex

 Male

193,324 (45.6%)

2132 (62.8%)

193,324 (45.6%)

2132 (62.8%)

175,913 (45.2%)

1931 (62.6%)

 Female

230,175 (54.4%)

1263 (37.2%)

230,175 (54.4%)

1263 (37.2%)

213,283 (54.8%)

1153 (37.4%)

BMI (Kg/m2)

27.36 ± 4.73

27.63 ± 4.49

27.36 ± 4.73

27.63 ± 4.49

27.28 ± 4.64

27.49 ± 4.38

Townsend deprivation index

−1.54 ± 2.95

−1.61 ± 2.94

−1.54 ± 2.95

−1.61 ± 2.94

−1.58 ± 2.92

−1.66 ± 2.88

Physical activity (High)

64,398 (15.2%)

482 (14.2%)

64,398 (15.2%)

482 (14.2%)

59,762 (15.4%)

455 (14.8%)

Smoking status

 Never

230,774 (54.7%)

1,807 (53.5%)

231,500 (54.7%)

1,815 (53.5%)

214,296 (55.1%)

1,657 (53.7%)

 Former

148,216 (35.1%)

1,367 (40.5%)

148,763 (35.1%)

1,374 (40.5%)

135,986 (34.9%)

1,243 (40.3%)

 Current

43,050 (10.2%)

205 (6.1%)

432,36 (10.2%)

206 (6.1%)

38,914 (10.0%)

184 (6.0%)

Drinking status

 Never

131,15 (3.1%)

147 (4.3%)

13,133 (3.1%)

147 (4.3%)

11,772 (3.0%)

128 (4.2%)

 Former

13,925 (3.3%)

190 (5.6%)

13,939 (3.3%)

191 (5.6%)

12,260 (3.2%)

166 (5.4%)

 Current

396,112 (93.6%)

3,051 (90.1%)

396,427 (93.6%)

3,057 (90.0%)

365,164 (93.8%)

2,790 (90.5%)

Education (High)

68,890 (20.0%)

506 (20.5%)

85,616 (20.2%)

708 (20.9%)

78,771 (20.2%)

639 (20.7%)

High pressure (Yes)

167,101 (39.5%)

2,020 (59.5%)

167,101 (39.5%)

2,020 (59.5%)

150,156 (38.6%)

1,797 (58.3%)

Stroke (Yes)

12,826 (3.0%)

465 (13.7%)

12,827 (3.0%)

465 (13.7%)

11,162 (2.9%)

408 (13.2%)

Diabetes (Yes)

38,127 (9.0%)

568 (16.7%)

38,128 (9.0%)

568 (16.7%)

30,249 (7.8%)

458 (14.9%)

  1. This table presents the characteristics of the study population, divided into three categories: before imputation, after imputation, and after exclusion. The characteristics analyzed include all covariates, Mean values (standard deviation) for continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. Definition of abbreviations: BMI body mass index, PD Parkinson’s disease.
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