Fig. 3: The effect of taVNS on cortical functional network topology in PD patients. | npj Parkinson's Disease

Fig. 3: The effect of taVNS on cortical functional network topology in PD patients.

From: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves cortical functional topological properties and intracortical facilitation in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 3

A Main effect of group (RS vs. SS). No significant differences were obtained from the main effect of group. B Main effect of stimulation condition (baseline vs. post-treatment). No significant differences were obtained from the main effect of condition. C Interaction between-group and condition effect. p value diagram in whi+ch the brain regions labeled with cold colors represent the more significant difference between groups. Interaction between-group and stimulation effect was found in the CH32 (corresponding to the right primary motor cortex). The color bar indicates p values from two-way ANOVA, with group (RS vs. SS) and condition (baseline vs. post-treatment) as the factors. The statistical threshold was set at p < 0.05 (Bonferroni corrected). D Post hoc tests in the CH32. Violin chart in which dotted lines represent median and quartile, respectively. A Bonferroni-corrected threshold was set at p < 0.05 for multiple comparison. E Correlations between ΔNe values and ΔUPDRS-III scores within PD patients in the RS group. Scatterplots demonstrated that there was a significant negative correlation between the ΔNe values of CH32 and ΔUPDRS-III scores in PD patients receiving real taVNS treatment. PD Parkinson’s disease, taVNS transcutNeous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, RS real taVNS stimulation group, SS sham stimulation group, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, ANOVA analyses of variance, CH channel, Ne area under the curve of the nodal efficiency. **p < 0.01.

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