Table 2 Timings for motor function/symptoms monitoring before and after medication intake

1 h after medication intake (n = 21)

12 h medication withdrawal (n = 27)

Every 0.5h until ON state confirmed or 90 min after medication intake (n = 1)²⁵

10 h medication withdrawal (n = 2)^69,82

45 min after medication intake (n = 2)^37,69

Overnight withdrawal (n = 5)^{29,31,34,60,61}

50 min after medication intake (n = 1)¹⁸

No medication after 10 pm (n = 3)^47,80,81

Clinician reported ON-state (n = 3)^60,61,73

0.5-1 hr and 1 hr before next dose (n = 1)²⁵

Participant reported ON-state (n = 5)^{26,34,54,85,96}

50 min before next dose (n = 1)⁵⁹

Participant ‘feeling at their best’ (n = 1)⁴⁵

3 h after medication intake (n = 1)²³

20, 40,60, 80 min after medication⁶⁴

Participant reported OFF-state (n = 2)^26,96

30, 60, 45, 75 min window before and after medication (n = 1)⁷⁷

Clinician reported OFF-state (n = 1)⁷³

Every 30 mins for up to 150-min after intake (n = 1)⁷⁰

First dose of the day not taken (n = 2)^71,92

Up to 230-min after intake (n = 1)⁴³

Morning (n = 2)^86,93

Up to 280 min after intake (n = 1)⁵⁹

Early (n = 1)⁵⁰

Up to 320 min after intake (n = 1)⁸²

24 h withdrawal from all medication except L-DOPA; no L-DOPA after 10pm; no amantadine for 1 week⁴⁷

Continuously for 3 h after intake (n = 1)⁶⁸

Withdrawal from Dopamine Agonists for 72 h and off anitparkinsonian medication for 12 h²⁸

Once every hour for 3 h (n = 1)⁸¹

Withdrawal from Dopamine Agonists for 24 h and 12 h from anitparkinsonian medication⁹⁴

2 h after medication intake²⁸

1 hr before next dose⁷⁹

Between 1-2 h after medication in lab; 1-1.5 h in real-world ⁷⁸

30-120 min after medication²⁹

Every 30 min after medication for 5 h⁴⁷

Every 20 min until the lowest UPDRS-III score was monitored (n = 1)⁹⁴