Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

From: Cortical macro- and microstructural changes in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

 

N

iRBD

HC

Statistics

pFDR

Effect size

Age, years

36/29

71.81 (6.63)

69.86 (6.28)

−1.203St

0.253

 

Sex, male (%)

36/29

30 (83.33%)

18 (62.07%)

2.740×2

0.127

 

Education, years

36/29

12.39 (5.43)

15.00 (4.31)

2.108 St

0.063

 

Education level

35/28

-

-

5.625×2

0.155

 

 Literary skills

-

4 (11.43%)

0 (0.00%)

-

-

 

 Primary

-

6 (17.14%)

3 (10.71%)

-

-

 

 Secondary

-

12 (34.29%)

8 (28.57%)

-

-

 

 Post-secondary

-

13 (37.14%)

17 (60.71%)

-

-

 

Age at RBD onset (years)

36/-

68.71 (6.42)

-

-

-

 

RBD duration (years)

36/-

3.74 (4.40)

-

-

-

 

Abnormal DaTSCANa (%)

34/-

25 (73.53)

-

-

-

 

MDS-UPDRS part III

33/-

1.36 (1.89)

-

-

-

 

MCI (%)

36/29

13 (36.11)

6 (20.69)

1.176×2

0.278

 

MMSE

36/29

29.00 (1.00)*

30.00 (1.00)*

−2.976BM

0.008

0.849

Vocabulary (WAIS-IV)

36/29

34.50 (10.25)*

39.00 (7.00)*

650.500U

0.127

 

NMS

34/29

7.50 (5.00)*

3.00 (2.00)*

5.201BM

<0.001

1.478

AS

34/29

12.50 (6.44)

7.10 (4.37)

−3.940Wt

0.001

0.967

BDI-II

34/29

7.00 (7.25)*

2.00 (5.00)*

3.085BM

0.007

0.901

NPI

35/29

6.00 (14.00)*

0.00 (4.00)*

5.024BM

<0.001

1.347

UPSIT

36/27

18.39 (6.28)

27.93 (5.80)

6.162 St

<0.001

1.569

  1. Values denote mean (SD), median (IQR)*, or numbers (frequencies). Bold values denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Statistical tests used: Chi-Squared testx2, Student’s t-testSt, Welch’s t-testWt, Mann–Whitney’s Uu, Brunner-Munzel testBM. Effect size: Cohen’s d (continuous variables).
  2. AS Starkstein Apathy Scale, BDI-II Beck’s Depression Inventory-II, HC healthy controls, iRBD isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, NMS Non-Motor Symptoms questionnaire, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, RBD-I Innsbruck REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Inventory, UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, WAIS-IV Wechsler’s Adult Intelligence Scale-IV.
  3. a Abnormal DaTSCAN: <65% normal, 2 SD below mean.