Fig. 4: Differential expression analysis of all samples by genetic cohort.

PD causal variants are colored purple, and mitochondrial genes are colored orange. Differentially expressed PD causal variants and mitochondrial genes are additionally labeled by gene name. a Idiopathic case samples with no SNCA/LRRK2/GBA1 mutations were compared to control samples with no PD-related mutations (i.e., HC). HC samples were compared to case samples with GBA1+ (b), LRRK2+ (c), and SNCA+ (d) mutations. e LRRK2+ case samples were compared to LRRK2− case samples. f GBA1+ case samples were compared to GBA1 case samples. g log(CPM) SNCA expression in HC, IPD, SNCA+ case, GBA1+ case, and LRRK2+ case samples corrected by predicted neutrophil percentage, stratified by genetic cohort. Adjusted p values are labeled according to the adjusted p value of SNCA differential expression from respective DE analyses. The dotted red line represents the median SNCA expression in HC samples. *, **, *** indicate p values less than 0.05, 0.01. and 0.001, while N.S. indicates no significance.